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Guns Germs & Steel: The Show. Transcript. Episode Two : Conquest – Transcript. Printable Version: Download as a PDF. Download free Adobe. Acrobat. Before the day was out, they had massacred.

Inca Empire. Not a single. Spanish life was lost in the process. Why was the balance of power.

Old World and New? And why, in the centuries that. Europeans the ones who conquered so much of the globe? He is. on a quest to understand the roots of power, searching for clues. He’s developed a highly original.

It was the shape of the continents, their. But can this way of seeing the world shed light. How can geography explain the conquest of. Titles: Episode 2: Conquest Conquistadors traveling, led by Pizarro, on mountainside Voiceover: For two years, a band of Spanish conquistadors has been. They’re not professional.

Francisco Pizarro. He’s already made a fortune for. Central America. Now he’s taking. They are the first Europeans. Andes, and ventured this far into the continent. South America. Pizarro and conquistadors finding local inhabitants Voiceover: As they travel, they find evidence of a large native. They’ve reached the edge of the mighty Inca.

Official website with biography, discography, news, tour dates, images, videos and message board. There are three basic chemicals in gunpowder Potassium Nitrate, Charcoal powder, and Sulfur powder. Gunpowder would be a lot simpler to make if. In National Guard armories across the United States, families, children, soldiers and workers have been exposed to lead dust from indoor shooting ranges.

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Empire. For Indians and Spaniards alike, any encounter is a clash. These Indians have never seen white men before, and. They can’t imagine. Earth from space, with highlighted areas Voiceover: By the 1. Inca Empire was enormous. It stretched. along the length of the Andes, from modern- day Ecuador to central.

Chile, a distance of 2,5. But just 5. 00 miles to the north. Central America and the Caribbean –. Spanish empire. At the time, the Spanish.

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Europe, but Spain itself had. Islamic Moors. Pizarro’s home, with Jared walking around it Voiceover: It was still a rural society.

Most of the conquistadors. Trujillo, where Pizarro grew up. He spent much of his. Today. he’s remembered as a great warrior. His statue dominates the. Trujillo, and his family home has been turned into.

Jared Diamond has come here to explore the world of the. Watch online The Bar Part 3 in english with subtitles 1440 more. Statue of Pizarro. Jared Diamond: This is Francisco Pizarro, a Spaniard who conquered. New World, the Inca Empire. Why did. Pizarro and his men conquer the Incas instead of the other way round? The answer isn’t immediately.

After all, Pizarro started out as a rather ordinary person. Trujillo here is a rather ordinary town. So what is it that. Pizarro and his men this enormous power? Pizarro and conquistadors traveling Jared Diamond: Why am I so interested in Pizarro’s conquistadors? And for 3. 0 years I’ve been exploring patterns of. Voiceover: Jared Diamond is a professor at UCLA in Los Angeles.

His. time there inspired him to explore the roots of inequality in the. To understand why some people have been able to dominate.

Looking back thousands of years, he argues that. Agriculture first developed. Middle East known as the Fertile Crescent.

Over. time, crops and animals from the Fertile Crescent spread into North. Africa and Europe, where they triggered an explosion of civilization. None were native. Europe. They provided more than just meat. They were a source. And crucially, they provided.

Mules pulling ploughs, Incas cultivating land as llamas look on. Conquistadors riding onto Inca land Voiceover: Harnessed to a plough, a horse or an ox could transform. European farmers were able to grow.

In the New World, there were no horses or cattle. All the work had to be done by hand. The only large. domestic animal was the llama, but these docile creatures have never.

The Incas were very skilled at growing. European farmers. Horses gave Europeans another. To the Incas, the.

Pizarro’s conquistadors passing through their land. They’ve never seen people carried by their. Some think they are gods, these strange- looking. The horses that seemed so exotic to. Incas had already been used in Spain for 4,0.

In an. age before motorized transport, they allowed people to be mobile. Jared watching Javier riding Voiceover: When Javier Martin is not herding cattle, he gives displays. Javier Martin: This style of riding is known as jimeta. The emphasis. is on control and maneuverability, using bent knees to grip the. Very different. from the more formal style of medieval knights.

By the 1. 6th century. Spanish. cavalry. This is how the conquistadors would have ridden their horses. Jared Diamond: It’s an amazing display of a big animal being.

Javier told. me that he has been riding since he was five years old, and when. I watched this, I have a better understanding where the conquistadors. They were masters of these techniques, and they. I can see that. this control would let you ride down people in the open. People. who had never seen horses before would have been absolutely terrified.

It would be strange and frightening, and that’s. Inca messenger running to give news to Ataxalpa Voiceover: News of the godlike strangers on their four- legged animals. Incas, who’s. camped in the valley of Cajamarca in northern Peru, guarded by an. Ataxalpa being beautified Voiceover: Ataxalpa is revered as a living god, a son of the sun. Watch Murder On Music Row movie with english subtitles in.

He’s in Cajamarca on a religious retreat, giving thanks. Messenger giving Ataxalpa the news. Voiceover: When he hears about the progress of the Spaniards, he. Instead, he sends back a message. Ataxalpa knew that the Spaniards were not gods. You need to be crazy to walk with a pot, but you must be beyond.

Ataxalpa had an idea that these were sub- humans. What could. a few horsemen and a hundred or so Spaniards do to the powerful. Inca? Art depicting Spanish in battle Voiceover: But Ataxalpa’s spies don’t realize that.

Spanish are armed with some of the best weapons in the world. For more. than 7. Spaniards had been at war, fighting against the. Moors and other European armies. There was an arms race in Europe. Man and Jared firing and loading guns Voiceover: By the 1. Jacobus was an important part of the.

Spanish arsenal. Gunpowder had originally come from China, but its. Arabs. In European hands, guns. The Jacobus was still a crude. Jared Diamond: To us moderns, this gun doesn’t seem useful. Its aim is terrible, it takes.

Incas hadn’t. even gotten this far, and even this gun, with its sound and with. This would have been shock and awe. Sword smith at work as Jared watches Voiceover: For all its bluster, the technology of gunpowder was. The real power of the conquistadors lay elsewhere.

Toledo had some of the best sword. But why were people here able to craft deadly. Incas were still making simple bronze tools? Man handling sword. Jared Diamond: There was nothing innately brilliant about Europeans.

Just as with guns, swords were the result of a long process. Europe. People started working. Fertile Crescent 7,0.

Europe is geographically close to the fertile crescent, Europeans. But they took this technology on to a new level. European soldiers. Jared Diamond: This is what a Toledo sword looks like when it’s.

This particular one is modeled on the sword that Pizarro. It’s a fearsome weapon. It’s used for stabbing and it’s also used for slashing. I can easily understand how the person wielding the sword could.

Mike Loads, Historical Weapons Expert: Swords like this, rapiers. But if you make it too hard, then. And it’s got by heating it to certain temperatures.

Swordfight Voiceover: The rapier, with its extra long blade, was developed. Renaissance Europe. Mike Loades: The word rapier derives from the Spanish term “espara. And for the first time. Spain, we start to see people wearing the sword with their everyday. This is something.

I have arrived, I. I am upwardly mobile, and I claim ancestry from. Middle Ages. It was very much a symbol of the. The thing that drove them through. Americas. was their lust for gold, their lust for self- advancement, and the. Conquistadors traveling, looking across valley to huge town and.

Voiceover: On November 1. Pizarro’s band of adventurers. Cajamarca. They’ve been told that Ataxalpa. But they’re not prepared for the. In the hills beyond the town of Cajamarca. Inca army – 8. 0,0. The. conquistadors’ own journals bear witness to their first impressions.

We’d. seen nothing like it in the Indies until then, and it scared us. Spanish entering Inca camp and being taken to Ataxalpa Voiceover: Pizzaro sends a party of his best horsemen into the. Inca camp. They are led by Captain De Soto. They are. gambling that Ataxalpa will allow them to pass through the camp.

Efrain Trelles: Soto’s visit had a very important psychological. Inca in front of his people. Challenging. him with the horse. Ataxalpa at first didn’t react to Soto’s.

Once the, the horse. Inca, the Inca is still calm, showing. Soto’s bluff. The captain advanced so close that the. Inca’s. forehead. But the Inca never moved. And then, after a brief silence. Ataxalpa’s explosion.

He was telling them, the time. I understand this as the time has come for you to pay with your. Soto I understand was nervous enough to come back with fear. Spaniards spent the night. Spaniards’ camp at night Voiceover: The conquistadors had made their camp in the town of. Cajamarca. Many of them are now convinced they are facing oblivion. Diary Reading: Few of us slept that night.

We kept walking the square. Indian army. It was. Voiceover: Pizarro and his most trusted officers debate their options. Ataxalpa. Some advise caution, but Pizarro. It’s a tactic that’s worked successfully in the. Twelve years before Pizarro went to Peru, another famous conquistador.

Hernan Cortez, had gone to Mexico and encountered another formidable. Aztecs. He conquered the country by kidnapping. Aztec leader and exploiting the ensuing chaos. Cortez’s. story was later published and became a bestseller, a handbook for. It can still be found in the great library. Salamanca University in Northern Spain. Jared Diamond: This wonderful library here can be thought of among.

Eurasia, and. here from this library we have a famous account of the conquest. Mexico with all the details of what Cortez did to the Aztecs. That was a model for Pizarro to give him ideas.

Incas, whereas the Incas without. Voiceover: But if books were so useful, why couldn’t the Incas. To develop a new system of writing independently.